1. Classification of Costs: Fixed, Variable, and Semi-Variable
2. Cost Sheet Preparation and Analysis
3. Material Cost Control Techniques
4. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model
5. ABC Analysis in Inventory Management
6. Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory System
7. Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
8. Stores Ledger and Bin Card System
9. Valuation of Material Issues: FIFO, LIFO, Weighted Average
10. Treatment of Scrap, Spoilage, and Defectives
11. Labor Cost Control Methods
12. Time and Motion Study in Wage Systems
13. Incentive Schemes: Halsey, Rowan, Taylor
14. Labor Turnover: Causes and Measurement
15. Overhead Classification and Allocation
16. Machine Hour Rate Method
17. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) Implementation
18. Absorption vs Variable Costing
19. Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts
20. Job Costing in Manufacturing Industries
21. Batch Costing in Pharmaceutical Sector
22. Process Costing: Normal and Abnormal Loss
23. Equivalent Production Units Calculation
24. Joint Products and By-Products Accounting
25. Operation Costing in Service Industries
26. Contract Costing: Profit Recognition
27. Service Costing in Transport Sector
28. Standard Costing: Material Variance Analysis
29. Labor Variance: Rate and Efficiency
30. Overhead Variance: Capacity and Efficiency
31. Sales Variance: Volume and Price
32. Budgetary Control System Design
33. Flexible Budget vs Fixed Budget
34. Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
35. Performance Budgeting in Public Sector
36. Responsibility Accounting Centers
37. Transfer Pricing Methods
38. Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis
39. Break-Even Point Calculation
40. Margin of Safety and P/V Ratio
41. Contribution vs Profit Analysis
42. Differential Costing for Decision Making
43. Make or Buy Decisions
44. Shut Down or Continue Decisions
45. Product Mix Optimization
46. Pricing Decisions under Cost-Plus Method
47. Target Costing Approach
48. Kaizen Costing in Continuous Improvement
49. Life Cycle Costing
50. Value Analysis and Value Engineering
51. Cost Reduction vs Cost Control
52. Pareto Analysis in Cost Management
53. Learning Curve Effect in Costing
54. Cost Audit under Companies Act
55. Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Compliance
56. Uniform Costing in Industry
57. Inter-Firm Comparison Techniques
58. Cost Accounting in Retail Sector
59. Costing in Hospitality Industry
60. Hospital Costing Systems
61. Educational Institution Costing
62. Costing in Construction Industry
63. Costing in Software Development
64. Environmental Cost Accounting
65. Carbon Credit Costing
66. Waste Management Costing
67. Energy Cost Management
68. Water Cost Accounting
69. Costing for Sustainable Development
70. Throughput Costing in TOC
71. Backflush Costing in JIT
72. Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA)
73. German Cost Accounting (GPK)
74. Lean Accounting Principles
75. Costing in E-Commerce Businesses
76. Costing for Digital Products
77. Cloud Computing Cost Allocation
78. Data Center Cost Management
79. Costing in FinTech Companies
80. Costing in Agri-Business
81. Farm Costing Techniques
82. Poultry and Dairy Costing
83. Fisheries Cost Accounting
84. Plantation Costing
85. Costing in Mining Industry
86. Oil and Gas Costing
87. Costing in Renewable Energy
88. Solar Power Project Costing
89. Wind Energy Cost Management
90. Costing in Automobile Industry
91. Two-Wheeler vs Four-Wheeler Costing
92. EV Costing Challenges
93. Costing in Textile Industry
94. Spinning vs Weaving Costing
95. Garment Manufacturing Cost Sheet
96. Costing in Chemical Industry
97. Fertilizer Costing
98. Pharmaceutical Costing
99. API vs Formulation Costing
100. Costing in FMCG Sector